Advanced metering infrastructure
Category: Power Monitoring
Since 2012 Prosoft-Systems cooperates with AlteroPower that produces Advanced Phasor Data Concentrator (APDC) for Phasor Measurement Units.
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APDC is the high-performance, flexible and widely scalable platform for creating both relatively simple power-system level systems and complex multi-level distributed WAMS (Super PDC Network) at power plants, substations and dispatcher centers. APDC is a set of applications that provides data gathering, processing and visualization of:
- Real time situational awareness.
- Voltage monitoring.
- Islanding detection.
- Frequency monitoring.
- Oscillation monitoring.
- Power flow monitoring.
DATA SOURCE AND DATA EXCHANGE ADAPTERS
Data source adapters:
- C37.118-2011/2008 (client).
- IEC 60870-5-104 (client).
- Data exchange of COMTRADE and CSV (files) by FTP.
- IEC 61850 (client).
- OPC (client).
- Modbus (client).
Distributed data exchange (PDC-to-PDC):
- C37.118-2011 (server).
- Real time data exchange based on UDP (unicast, multicast) with low latency.
- Web-services to provide data on demand.
APDC solution provides an implementation of distributed multi-tier WAMS/WACS/WAPS that covers both PMU's and Control Center's network. In this case:
- All data is distributable.
- Historical data is given to user on demand automatically.
- Real time data is given to user automatically by subscription.
LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION MONITORING
Low-frequency oscillations in power systems are inherently nonlinear and non-stationary processes representing a superposition of numerous rotating masses movement components having mutual influence in a power region or power center.
In the case of significant power imbalance periodic low-frequency oscillations of frequency with a magnitude exceeding 0.05 Hz may arise in the power systems.
These situations imply the crucial role of monitoring each generator damping capability that is determined by the adjustment of the system regulators in use.
APDC provides:
- Online monitoring for oscillations.
- Oscillations parameters detection – magnitude, frequency, damping.
- Finding steady conditions of power systems.
- Danger oscillations detection (poor damped).
- Finding oscillations groups (in-phase, anti-phase).
- Assessment of generators role (damping or amplifications).
- Monitoring of generators' excitation system faults.
- Spectral analysis.
- Permanent modes search.
- Historical oscillations analysis.
MONITORING OF AUTOMATIC EXCITATION REGULATORS
APDC provides user with Automatic Excitation Regulators Monitoring tool, that allows to calculate parameters changing and control excitation systems in real-time. This, in its turn, helps to identify AER malfunctions early and put it out for maintenance or repair, which leads to economic losses fall without possible emergencies.
SYNCHRONOUS OSCILLATIONS OF ACTIVE POWER MONITORING
As a further development of oscillation detection system (especially with high amplitude), APDC provides tools for real-time monitoring of power flows in controlled sections. This tool contains several window forms with complex representation of controlled sections and monitored parameters.
Those forms include:
- Controlled section single-line electrical scheme.
- 2D graphics.
- Power flow gauge.
- Navigation buttons.
ISLANDING VISUALIZATION
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Geographic map layer can visualize islanding in case of such a situation. As an example, there are pictures representing system splitting into two asynchronous regions. Weak connection between south and north subregions gets broken and two groups of power stations are formed that have their voltage vectors rotating independently. This can be seen from vectors on a map and from vectors on the radar diagram. |
VOLTAGE MONITORING
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Geographic map layer can visualize islanding in case of such a situation. As an example, there are pictures representing system splitting into two asynchronous regions. Weak connection between south and north subregions gets broken and two groups of power stations are formed that have their voltage vectors rotating independently. This can be seen from vectors on a map and from vectors on the radar diagram. |
POWER FLOWS CONTROL
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When it comes to the power flows control, APDC can provide the best solutions to create and monitor the critical control sections. User can define the power plants on the map and “build” connections between them as in real life. Those connections can represent actual power flow in control sections and defined limits can provide user the information about forthcoming to MPF (maximum power flow) and EPF (emergency power flow) well before the critical situation.
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EQUIPMENT MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
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The synchronous generators are designed to operate under balanced load conditions, when the phase currents are equal or close to each other. However, there are several causes that may ruin this stability:
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